Glossary*

Architectural sculpture
Type of sculpture that is characterized by being physically and conceptually linked to the process of constructing an architectural work, of which it is a decorative element.

Artist's casts or proofs (EAs or APs)
These are the casts forming part of an edition that are set aside for the artist. Each cast must be duly identified by a number distinguishing it within the total number of casts or artist's proofs in the edition. Unlike commercial copies, artist's proofs are usually identified with the initials EA or AP and/or numbered in Roman numerals.

Assemblage
Type of three-dimensional work made ​​from materials and other objects usually considered to be non-artistic.

Bon à tirer
Document in which the author of a work approves a first proof -in the case of sculpture- by the foundry. The existence of such a document permits more concise certification of the close involvement of the artist in the edition of a work.

Casts
Each of the works that make up a limited edition. Each cast must be duly identified by a number distinguishing it within the total number of casts in the edition. In this case, the numbering will be in Arabic numerals, for example 1/8, which indicates the first cast of a limited edition of eight.

Certificate of authenticity
A document certifying the authenticity of an artwork, signed and issued by the artist. In the case of editions of sculpture there will be a separate document for each piece, and this will include details of the total number of casts in the edition and the edition number of the cast in question. Clearly, such certificates are of crucial importance in authenticating an artwork.

Edition contract
Contract by which the author grants the publisher the right to reproduce and distribute his or her work. This document includes details of the work and the edition (number of casts, materials, dimensions, etc).

Edition process
The edition process of a work is a process by which a usually limited number of copies of a particular work are produced. In sculpture, in addition to the artist, other important agents may intervene, such as the editor and the foundry. Jean Chatelain defined such processes, in which technicians and artisans are involved, as 'compound arts' [1].

Expertization certificate
A document certifying the authenticity of the work, issued by a specialized committee of an institution with recognized competence in questions of the artist's work, expressing an opinion as to the authenticity of the work.

Foundry
A factory dedicated to the casting of pieces by the process of metal casting.

Foundry mark
This is one of the marks usually found on a copy forming part of an edition, and identifies the foundry that carried out the casting.

Furniture
Type of three-dimensional work created to facilitate and meet the everyday needs of people, usually found in living spaces.

Glass
Type of three-dimensional work produced through the working of glass.

Hors commerce
A term applied to works forming part of an edition that have been set aside by the artist or reserved for some other commitment, and in principle are not offered for sale through commercial channels.

Installation
Type of three-dimensional work developed from the 1960s on which involves intervention in the space in the form of an artwork and/or other three-dimensional object.

Limited edition
Limited set of casts of a work produced by a mechanical process of reproduction. A limited edition includes a certain number of casts. This number is determined prior to production and additional casts may not be produced afterwards.

Manipulated object
Type of three-dimensional work characteristic of Salvador Dalí's output, defined by the artist's intervention in a three-dimensional object or sculpture originally made by another person. The intervention can manifest itself in different techniques, usually painting or assemblage with other objects.

Model
The original artwork produced by the artist in a malleable material, often clay or wax, used to make the mould from which edition of the work will be cast.

Mould
A hollow single piece or set of articulated pieces obtained from the model of the work made by the artist. The interior of the mould faithfully reproduces the form and details of the final work. The mould is filled with a liquid or other material, which, once solidified, results in the final work.

Numbering
In the edition of a sculpture each cast must be identified with a mark on the surface giving the number of the item within the series of casts that make up the edition.

Posthumous sculpture
A sculpture made ​​after the artist's death from an original model made ​​by the artist in person, and as such a sculpture obtained in the normal way by a process of mechanical reproduction, from which to evaluate its condition as an original edition, with the proviso that this is limited to 12 casts (8+4 EA).

Producer of the edition
A person or entity that produces an edition of an artwork in conjunction with the artist, taking charge of the production process and subsequent distribution.

Relief
Type of sculpture defined by the execution of a sculptural form on a flat surface and classified as high relief or low relief, depending on the degree of projection of the form.

Reproduction rights
Copyright or rights to mount, reproduce or communicate a work of art.These rights to produce copies of an artwork pertain to the author of the work, unless he or she has transferred or delegated them to a third party. On the death of the author, these rights pass to his or her successors, unless the author has stipulated otherwise.

Resale right
The right of the artist to receive a royalty payment on the subsequent resale of an artwork after its first sale, fixed as a percentage of the purchase price of the successive sale of the work. This percentage is paid to the artist in person, or by his or her successors or heirs after the artist's death.

Smithing
Type of three-dimensional work made ​​with semiprecious or precious materials. Includes jewellery and ornaments, and other objects related to votive purposes.

Successors
The successors are the physical persons or legal entities in legal possession of certain rights related to the management and/or reproduction of the works of a dead artist.

Surmoulage
The French loan-word surmoulage is used for an edition made from a cast taken from a finished artwork such as a bronze rather than from the artist's original model or mould. A piece obtained using this procedure is not an original work but a reproduction.

Surrealist object
Type of three-dimensional work developed by the members of the Surrealist movement, foremost among them Salvador Dalí. It is characterized by the integration and assemblage of various non-artistic objects and materials in a creation endowed with a specific symbolic or conceptual meaning. According to some writers, the origin of these Surrealist objects is to be found in the ready-mades Marcel Duchamp produced from 1914 [2].